|
Telecom Network Synchronization overview
- Overview of wireline networks
- Transmission Environment
- SONET
- T-Carrier
- SDH
- PDH
- Need for timing in SONET/SDH, DWDM, ATM, and VoIP
- Understanding the sync impact on a wireline network
- Typical sync implementation in a wireline network
- Impact on sync on carrier grade service quality
Understanding Clock Parameters
- Understanding Clock Parameters
- Primary Reference Specs
- TSG/SASE Specs
- Equipment Clock Specs: SMC, SEC, and Stratum 3
Traditional Network Synchronization Design
- Sizing the network
- Number of PRS sites
- Choice of TSG Quality
- Intra-Office Distribution
- Inter-Office Sync Transport
Fundamental principles of synchronization in a wireline network
- Overview of sync problems in a wireline network
- Jitter and Wander
- Slips and Pointer Adjustments
- Standards & Clock Sources
- Role of ITU-T, ETSI, ANSI and Telcordia
- PRC Standards
- Slave clock standards
- Electrical interface standards
- Jitter and Wander standards
- Caesium, GPS and Interconnect Partner
- Slave clocks - SSU and SEC
- VCO and PLL
- Traceability, DPLLs, and Master-slave Clocking
- Sync Trail Robustness
- Primary Clocks and Plesiochronous Operation
- Timing Islands and Holdover Mode
- The BITS Concept, TSGs and SSUs
- Slave Clock Model and Clock Hierarchies
- Asynchronous Transmission of Synchronous DS1/E1 Signals
- Timing Loops and Sync Status Messages (SSM)
Transmission and transport architecture
- Conventional asynchronous transmission and transport architecture
- Building Integrated Timing Systems (BITS), or "clock" systems
- Synchronous optical network (Sonet) with BITS
- SONET with synchronization messaging with or without BITS
- SONET with synchronization via conventional asynchronous transmission and BITS vs. SSU (Sync
- Supply Unit) clock systems
- Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) with BITS
- Global positioning system (GPS)-derived timing for SONET systems
- SONET with synchronization messaging with or without BITS
- SONET with synchronization via conventional asynchronous
- transmission and BITS
- Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived timing for SONET systems
- The GPS clock is a critical component of the CDMA/W-CDMA
- Synchronization distribution elements
- Effective synchronization planning Jitter and wander
- Requirements for sync in "asynchronous" networks
- Cesium vs. GPS Primary Reference Source (PRS)
Synchronization in Access Networks
- Access technologies
- ATM
- CWDM
- DDS
- DS1/DS3
- DSL
- DWDM
- E1/E2
- Fiber Optics
- Frame Relay
- Gigabit Ethernet
- HSSI
- ISDN
- OTDR
- PDH
- SONET/SDH
- SS7
- T1/T3
- v.5x
- Voice over IP
- Sync Distribution in the access network
- GR-303
SONET and SDH Synchronization
- SONET/SDH technology
- SONET/SDH Network Elements
- Transport mechanism
- Pointers
- Sync distribution techniques
- SONET/SDH Network Elements
- Terminal Multiplexer
- Regenerator
- Add/Drop Multiplexer
- Digital Cross-Connects
- Digital Loop Carrier
- SONET/SDH Network Configurations
- Point-to-Point
- Point-to-Multipoint
- Hub Architecture
- Ring Architecture
ATM Core Concepts and need for Synchronization
- ATM cell structure and architecture
- ATM functionality
- Bit-stream transport
- Frames vs. cells
- ATM Virtual Circuits
- ATM cell header
- ATM network interfaces
- ATM adaptation types (AALs)
- ATM signaling
Optical Transport Networks
- Optical Networking and DWDM
- Optical Components
- Optical Spectral Filters and Gratings
- Optical Demultiplexers
- Optical Cross-Connects
- Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers
- WDM/CWDM/DWDM
- DWDM and SONET
- Optical Network Signal Structure
- Sync Transport Mechanisms
SONET/SDH Rings and Sync Distribution
- SONET/SDH Rates and Format Considerations
- SONET: OC-N, STS-N, and SPEst
- SDH: STM-N and AU
- Pointer Mechanism
- Payload Mapping Philosophies
- Effects on Payload signals from Pointer Activity Decomposing SONET/SDH Ring-based Networks
- Locating PRS Sites
- Choosing TSG/SSU for non-PRS Sites
- Payload Considerations
|
